Fraud Prevention & Response Efforts in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) serves over 40 million Americans annually, and SNAP program integrity involves multiple federal and state responsibilities, including eligibility verification, payment accuracy oversight, fraud investigations, claims recovery, and efforts to address rising third-party EBT theft. Because many Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) families also receive SNAP, practitioners regularly encounter situations where these issues intersect: a client whose EBT card was skimmed, a case flagged for review, or a question about what "payment error" means. This American Public Human Services Association report walks through the full picture of common SNAP fraud: the different types of integrity risks, the critical difference between intentional fraud and honest mistakes, how the investigation and enforcement process works, and what states are doing to protect benefits from theft.

It is important to distinguish between intentional fraud, unintentional household or agency error, retailer trafficking, and third-party benefit theft, because different integrity risks require different prevention, investigation, oversight, and recovery approaches. For TANF practitioners, this resource is a practical reference for real situations — helping you speak accurately with clients, navigate conversations with partner agencies, and support families whose benefits have been compromised.