TANF at 30

The history of the nation’s cash assistance programs reflects nearly a century of evolving approaches to supporting low-income children and families. Beginning on August 14, 1935, Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) was established under the Social Security Act as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal response to the Great Depression. ADC offered cash assistance specifically to needy children whose parents were absent, incapacitated, or deceased, without extending aid to adult caregivers. By 1962, Congress formally recognized the importance of the family unit and parental employment by allowing states to broaden the program—becoming Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)—to include households with unemployed parents (UP) through the AFDC-UP option. These early developments laid the groundwork for the comprehensive reforms that would follow, ultimately leading to the modern Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program.
A collage of photographs from the TANF Reform Roundtable that occurred in July 2026. It highlights important attendees, such as Newt Gingrich, RFK Jr., Alex Adams, and David Swegle.

Landmark Dates for TANF

 
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Families are Stronger Together

 
Fact / Tip Sheet

Family Resource Centers can provide a central place where kinship caregivers and grandfamilies find information, referrals, and practical support. This Grandfamilies & Kinship Support Network fact sheet explores how these centers can respond…

Policy Announcement / Memoranda

Kinship caregivers, including grandparents, relatives, and other family members, play an important role in providing children with safe, stable homes while maintaining family connections. The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) has…

Profile / Case Study

North Dakota’s Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) Family Preservation Program offers a model for supporting Native American families involved in the child welfare system while respecting Tribal sovereignty and preserving family and community. The…

Policy Announcement / Memoranda

The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) has expanded eligibility for federally funded, evidence-based prevention services to include expectant parents, allowing states to seek federal reimbursement for approved services provided during…

Stakeholder Resource

The NRFC Virtual Collaborative Community (VCC) offers human service providers a place to learn more about engaging fathers and strengthening fatherhood-focused services. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) practitioners can connect…

Research-To-Practice Brief

Can performance reporting do more than demonstrate compliance? This brief examines the Administration for Children and Families’ shift from traditional Program Improvement Plans (PIPs) toward a more focused approach designed to help child welfare…

Work Innovations

 
Webinar / Webcast

The National Youth Employment Coalition (NYEC) will host a webinar on October 22, 2026 at 2:30 p.m. ET to focus on how Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Title I can help youth and young adults with disabilities access employment.…

Webinar / Webcast

WorkforceGPS will host a webinar on October 15, 2026, at 3:00 p.m. ET to discuss state strategies for expanding worker participation and advancement. The topic is relevant to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) agencies seeking to help…

Webinar / Webcast

For some Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) participants, employment barriers are connected to experiences of violence, instability, or trauma. A trauma-informed approach can help employment programs recognize those circumstances…

Infographic

Gaining work experience can be an important step toward long-term employment, particularly for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) participants who face challenges entering the workforce. This infographic explores how transitional jobs…

Infographic

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) participants may face a range of challenges that make it difficult to find and maintain employment, from transportation and childcare needs to health concerns and limited work experience. This…

Infographic

In recognition of the 30th anniversary of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), State and Tribal Technical Assistance and Resources (STAR) developed a series of infographics exploring employment strategies tested by TANF programs. The…

Promoting Healthy Marriages and Two-Parent Families

 
Stakeholder Resource

The Director’s Corner provides a regularly updated collection of resources selected or highlighted by the Director of the Office of Family Assistance, David Swegle. Recent resources address timely Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)…

Policy Announcement / Memoranda

The Competitive Personal Responsibility Education Program (PREP) is a federal funding opportunity that supports organizations working with adolescents and young adults to build skills for healthy relationships,…

Stakeholder Resource

The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) is seeking input on the use of research from a range of audiences working in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) or related family self-sufficiency programs. TANF…

Stakeholder Resource

As the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program marks nearly 30 years, conversations about the program’s original intent is gaining renewed attention. This opinion piece reflects on how families, the workforce, and state programs…

Report

This report is part of the Congressional Research Services series that focuses on changes in programs affecting low-income children in light of the upcoming 30-year anniversary of the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity…

Dataset

The Opportunity Atlas maps economic mobility across communities, showing how outcomes differ depending on where children grow up. This tool shifts the focus from individual effort alone to the role of place in shaping opportunity. For Temporary…